Rhetoric and Paragraph

What is a paragraph? A paragraph is a group of sentences that are all about one specific idea. It should begin with a topic sentence, that is, a sentence which addresses the subject of the paragraph. The other sentences in the paragraph should supply information that helps to explain the topic. How long should a paragraph be? There is no set length for a paragraph, but, generally, three full sentences are considered the minimum, and half a page is considered the maximum. What are the kinds of paragraph? Narration Narrative paragraphs/essays are often a chronological (make contain flashbacks) presentation of events that add up to a story. Paragraphs of this type contain protagonist and an antagonist, setting, conflict and resolution. They often contain a lot of description, but this is not essential. Description Descriptive types of paragraphs/essays are written in such a way that the reader is able to imagine the scene, object, person, etc. Series of detailed observations are recorded, using sensory language. Descriptions are like narrative paragraphs, with visual characteristics unfolding in a dramatized way. The main objective of a description is to move the story ahead. Definition Definition type of paragraphs/essays, provide meaning about a topic, using events and happenings. A strong effort should be made to clearly explain what something is, rather than what it is not. ComparisonThe objective of paragraphs/essays written in the comparison style is to compare, two or more objects, characters, events, etc. Two types of comparison are used-a point by point comparison or a topic by topic comparison. Persuasion A persuasive paragraph/essay is used in editorials, essays and columns. A direct approach is the best in writing a persuasive paragraph. The objective of a persuasive paragraph is to persuade people to change their minds, or take action. Persuasive paragraphs help people formulate an opinion and/or deepen it, by adding conviction. These essays must use concrete evidence followed by commentary in order to be effective. Exposition Expository paragraphs are explanatory in nature. They could be an important part of a description or narration. Credibility should be added in an expository paragraph, by citing authorities that have good credentials. This type of paragraph can also be a justifier that explains why something is important, for example why a memory or place or a function or activity is important. Process analysis A process analysis paragraph describes how a process happens, through a series of sequential actions. This type of paragraph is usually followed by illustrations, as they help explain the process better. What is a topic sentence? A topic sentence (also known as a focus sentence in some cases) encapsulates or organizes an entire paragraph. Although topic sentences may appear anywhere in a paragraph, in academic essays they often appear at the beginning. What is paragraph unity? Coherence? Emphasis? A good paragraph has the characteristics of unity, coherence and emphasis. In unity a paragraph must be unified on its structure. In coherence a paragraph must establish continuity within or towards the other paragraph. In emphasis the idea within the paragraph should be given importance and made to stand. Unity A paragraph is a unit of composition that established oneness because it develops a central and main idea on its structure. The entire paragraph must be unified on its structure and all the sentences within the paragraph should focus on the topic sentence. There are several violations in which the unity of the paragraph is lost. One of these is by the inclusion of the second central idea which divides the idea of the entire paragraph. Another violation is the inclusion of one or more sentences containing details that are not really related to the paragraph’s main ideas. There are also cases in which there is no central idea that was being established within the paragraph resulting to the disunity of sentences in the paragraph composition. Coherence Coherence is considered as the continuity between as well as within the paragraph. It is very important to arrange and link the sentences between the paragraphs to be able to make the readers follow the thought or the idea that want to be implied. There are several logical orders in which coherence can be established. These logical orders are the spatial orders, deductive order and inductive order. Chronological order is done in such ways like narrating experiences, summarizing the steps in the process and explaining events and movements. Spatial order can be established through the arrangement of visual details in some consistent sequences such as from left to right, east to west, near or distant and vice versa. Deductive order is done by establishing a general statement moving to the more particular details that explain the general statement itself. Inductive order is done by starting the statement with more particular detail going to and supporting the general statement. Coherence can also be established through the use of some special devices. These transitional devices are the transitional keywords; the reference of pronoun, the repetition of keywords and the use of the parallel structure. The transitional words and phrases serve as indicators of the different relationships that need to be connected to be able to establish coherence in the paragraph. The reference of pronoun is a device used to avoid needles repetition in the paragraph. The repetition of keywords is used in such a way that the keywords that are related to the central idea in order to establish coherence. The parallel structure is used to call attention to similar idea in the paragraph. Emphasis Emphasis is the principle of the paragraph composition in which the important ideas are made to stand. In here it is very important that the main points of the writer should be evident inside the paragraph. Having an emphasis can be achieved by using some devices such as the use of emphasis by proportion, emphasis by pause and emphasis by position. In the emphasis by proportion, the subordinate ideas should be given less substance while ideas which have greater importance should be given more substance. In the emphasis by pause, the emphasis is established by making chapter divisions, paragraph breaks as well as mark of punctuation. In the emphasis by position, the beginning and end of the paragraph are considered as crucial points where emphasis should be placed, emphasis are usually positioned in these places.

The Great Gatsby Quotations

Figurative Language: Foreshadowing is used in this. When Jordan says this it foreshadows on the accident Of Daisy hitting Myrtle. 3) â€Å"Some time toward midnight Tom Buchanan and Mrs.. Wilson stood face to face in impassioned voices whether Mrs.. Wilson had any right to mention Daisy name. â€Å"Daisy! Daisy! Daisy! † shouted Mrs.. Wilson. â€Å"I'll say it whenever want to! Daisy! Dad-† Making a short deft movement Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand. Importance: The importance of this quote is showing how the richer class people think that being snobs makes them â€Å"fancy†.It shows how the era this book was set in was a time much different hen ours. Symbolism: This shows how Tom is unworthy of Daisy and her love, no matter what his social status. It is also showing the darker side of the jazz era. Seeming Nick did not respond to Tom hitting myrtle this shows you his non-judgmental side to him. Figurative Language: Personification is used here w hen â€Å"Impassioned voices† is said, as well as â€Å"a short deft movement. † 4) â€Å"l believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited-?they went there. Importance: The importance Of this quote is that it is showing how society used Gatsby, they didn't know him or particularly like him, but they felt more then happy, and welcome to party at his house. Even though he would throw a party for all of New York the East egger wouldn't accept him. This also shows the general corruption of the roaring ass's. It also helps show that people wanted to escape from their empty lives. Symbolism: This quote helps show that for some reason Gatsby wanted to meet Nick, he wanted to make sure that Nick showed up. Which then helps you realize that Nick has a connection to someone or something that Gatsby wants.Which would be Daisy. Figurative Language: Foreshadowing is used. Because the fact th at Gatsby invited Nick, and no one else shows that he wants to see him badly for some reason. Which is then explained later on in the book. 5) â€Å"A stout, middle-aged man, with enormous owl-eyed spectacles, was sitting somewhat drunk on the edge of a great table, staring with unsteady concentration at the shelves of books. As we entered he wheeled excitedly around and examined Jordan from head to foot. â€Å"What do you think? † he demanded impetuously. â€Å"About what? † He waved his hand towards the bookshelves â€Å"About that.As a matter of fact you needn't bother to ascertain. I ascertained they re real. â€Å"The books? † He nodded. â€Å"Absolutely read-they have pages and everything. I thought theft be a nice durable cardboard. Matter of fact they're absolutely real. Pages and-Here! Lemma show you. † Importance: This quote is important to the plays pot because it helps describe how real of a man Gatsby is compared to the rest of the people i n society. It shows how Gatsby is genuine, and isn't just an illusion like everybody else in society in the ass's was. Symbolism: The constant bringing up of â€Å"owl eyes† in the book is symbolizing wisdom.It symbolizes that Gatsby is a wise man. It also symbolizes for how Gatsby is blinded by assays beauty and for his love for her. Figurative Language: Owl eyes is used as a symbol in this quote, they come up often in the book. They symbolize for how Gatsby has a difficult time separating the ideal from the real. 6) â€Å"l hope she'll be a fool-?that's the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool†¦ You see, I think everything terrible anyhow†¦ And I know. I've been everywhere and seen everything and done everything. Importance: Daisy says this to Nick and Jordan, talking about how she hopes her daughter will turn out.Importance of this is that it shows that she lives in a time when Oman are not expected to be quite intelligent, she hopes t hat her daughter can be a â€Å"beautiful fool†. Woman in this era were expected to be docile. Importance to Character: This shows how she refers to the social values of her era, but does not challenge them. Instead Daisy describes her own boredom with life, and believes that a girl can have more fun in her time when she is beautiful and simplistic. Daisy conforms to the social standard of American femininity in the 1 dad's to avoid tension issues as her undying love for Gatsby.Figurative Language: This foreshadows on Tom having a mistress because Daisy is a fool. She has no idea that Tom has a mistress, so she herself is a â€Å"beautiful† fool. 7) ‘There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams-not through her own fault but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion. It had gone beyond her, beyond everything. He had thrown himself into it with a creative passion†¦ † Importance: The importance of this quo te is that it explains how Gatsby expected more out of Daisy then what she could give.He expected her to be the same Daisy that he had fallen in love with before the war, and he expected her to love only Gatsby and not Gatsby and Tom. Symbolism: This shows that Gatsby is that Daisy is the golden girl. A symbolic validation that his love for her makes him a real man, while to Daisy, Gatsby is symbolic of freedom and escape, everything that Daisy wants 8) â€Å"She was appalled by West Egg†¦ By its raw vigor that chafed†¦ And by the too obtrusive fate that herded it's inhabitants along a short-cut from nothing to nothing.She saw something awful in the very simplicity she failed to understand† Importance: This quote shows how Daisy is a judgmental character and does not understand what it is like to not have much money to upend. Daisy doesn't understand the amusement of new wealth partying crowd. Daisy grew up knowing that there must be a concrete difference between po or and rich. Daisy and Tom like the old traditional way of wealth, the status and reputation. They like the â€Å"classy' way of life, so when there is woman there asking to daisy to have a cold shower, she is disgusted that a woman would let herself get that drunk.Symbolism: This quote shows how Daisy loves Gatsby. Even though this party disgusted her and Tom, she still tries to defend Gatsby when Tom says something nasty about the party. She rises to explain that a lot of people who weren't invited must have came, and those were the people that are acting not appropriately. 9) â€Å"You ought to go away:' I said. â€Å"It's pretty certain thefts trace your car† â€Å"Go away now, old sport? â€Å"Go to Atlantic city for a week, or up to Montreal† He wouldn't consider it. He couldn't possibly leave Daisy until he knew what she was going to do.He was clutching at some last hope and couldn't bear to shake him free. † Importance: This quote shows that Gatsby is too hung up on Daisy that he can't leave without her. He believes himself to be so in love with her that e can't leave. Gatsby doesn't know that his life is at risk because Mr.. Wilson is running around the countryside trying to find the owner of the yellow car. Symbolism: This quote shows how Gatsby lives Off Of hope. It shows how hope is the only thing that is keeping him from loneliness, and from just giving up. 0) minis is a valley of ashes-?a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air. Occasionally a line of gray cars crawls along an invisible track, gives out a ghastly creak, and comes to rest, and immediately the ash-gray men swarm up with leaden spades and stir up an impenetrable cloud, which screens their obscure operations form your sight. Importance: The val ley of ashes is a dividing point between West egg and East egg, It is a division between two totally different life styles, West egg is a place full of people who are happy and searching for what to be, while East egg is full of people who are wealthy and spend money on whatever they like, while in the middle, is the valley of ashes. A place that is burnt down, nothing but grey from ashes, where it is filthy and dusty, and people are just getting by. Symbolism: The Valley of Ashes symbolizes for a place of death, of something dark.It symbolizes that dreams are left there, and that there is no hope there. The Valley of Ashes is a place where god sees everything, because of the large billboard with the dry in the large glasses on it. 1 1) â€Å"It makes me sad because Eve never seen such- beautiful shirts before† Importance: This quote shows you how Daisy is very materialistic. After seeing Gatsby mansion, and finally seeing his bedroom and the mount of money/things he ash, she becomes overwhelmed. Symbolism: The shirts symbolize for something of the bigger picture. They symbolize a rainbow, especially because it is raining outside.The shirts show her how Gatsby become wealthy for her to love him because he knows that she is materialistic, she starts sobbing because she knows she can never return the ardent love for him. 12) ‘They were careless people, Tom and Daisy—they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together and let other people clean up the sees they had made† Importance: Tom is careless because he goes out and cheats on Daisy with myrtle, while Daisy is careless because she lets Tom go out and snoop.It makes you wonder how Gatsby received his endless amounts of money he seems to have. 4) â€Å"If it wasn't for the mist we could see your home across the bay†¦ You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of yo ur dock. † Importance: This quote shows how Gatsby is so in love with Daisy that he bought a house right across the bay from her, just so he could see the green light at the end of her dock. It's not quite enough for him, but its just enough to keep that hope their in Gatsby mind.Symbolism: The green light is a symbolic representation of Daisy, Which is everything that Gatsby desires. It shows how much he truly loves her. 15) ‘With every word she was drawing further and further into herself, so he eve that up, and only the dean dream fought on as the afternoon slipped away, trying to touch what was no longer tangible, struggling unhappily, UN- despairingly, toward the lost voice across the room† Importance: This quote shows how when Gatsby is speaking to Daisy, he realizes that she will never be his, the way that she was before.He realizes that he had lost her for good, and that she was never coming back again. Symbolism: This quote shows an illusion. It shows how Daisy was all a made up illusion in his mind, and he made her to be greater then what she actually was. Just like the American Dream, his hopes were crushed.

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children and Adults

Assignment 301 – communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults. Effective communication. Being clear on key points. Showing respect. Maintaining a sense of humour. Remembering issues which are personal to them. Taking time to listen to them. Being considerate Building Positive Relationships. Task A. 1 Task A. 2 Effective Communication:- This is the key area for developing relationships with others and also coves many different forms of communication. Showing Respect:- It is important to be courteous and respectful and also to listen to their points of views.As adults and children come from different cultures and backgrounds or different values from your own, show respect and acknowledge their views. Being Considerate:- working in an environment with different people under particular pressure at a given time and need to understand why they may have behaved or reacted in a certain way, or out of character. Remembering issues which are person al to them:- enquiring about a particular aspects of someone’s life can help build a positive relationship.Being Clear on key points:- when i have conversations with others and it includes passing on information i should ensure that what i have said, i have said it clear enough for them to understand. As i don’t want them to be distracted from the main point of what i have said. Taking time to listen to others:- Making sure that i take time to listen to others, for example if they are asking for help/advice , i will show that i am interested in what they have to say so that i can respond appropriately.Maintaining a sense of humour:- the nature of my work is important, i also take time to the funny side of the situation as laughter can be a good icebreaker and is also a great way of relaxing and relieving stress. Task A. 3 Form of communication| Factors to consider| Formal meeting with the head| Set clear expectations for the meeting, dress appropriately, be punctual, m aintain respect, balance formality with friendliness, agree actions to be taken. | Informal conversation before/after school| Maintain respect, be punctual, agree on actions to be taken, listen to what’s being said, if there any cons balance them out with the pros. Parents evening| dress appropriately, maintain respect, balance formality with friendliness, if there is any cons balance them with the pros when speaking about there child. Listen to what the parents are saying. | Responding to an e-mail| Always keep your focus on why the email has been sent in the first place. It helps if you know the person whom sent the email. Avoid being negative all the time, balance it out with positives. | Childs report| Make sure what is written makes sense, include what lessons that the child is excelling in/ lessons that the child could improve in, behaviour towards teachers/staff and piers. newsletter| Have news that is interesting to the readers, offer tips and advice, make it interact ive by including polls, make it fun, get the parents involved. | Task C. 1 situation| Ways of adapting style of communication and Skills needed| Speaking to a young child who appears shy and nervous| Ways: if there was a child who was shy and nervous in my class then i would give the child plenty of time to adapt to the new surroundings, urge the child to speak but not force them to speak if he/she don’t wont to speak.Skills:Have patience Use the correct body languageGive the child encouragement| Speaking to a child who stammers| Ways: if there was a child who stammered in my class i would give the child plenty of time to express what they are saying, i would slow down my speech when talking to them so that they feel less rushed when they have to speak. I would also encourage the child after they had=ve said a word that they had difficulties with.Skills:Have patienceGive eye contact Give the child encouragement| Speaking to a child who has been rude to a Member of staff| Ways :If i was to deal with a child who has been rude to another member of staff i would have a quite word with the child. I would ask the child what happened before they were rude to there teacher then i would ask the child why they were rude then i would ask do you think the way you reacted inside the class was appropriate or do you think you could have dealt with it differently.Skills:Listen to what the child is saying to me. Give the child eye contact. Use the correct body language because you want the child to take you serious. | Speaking to a parent for whom English is an Additional language| Ways:If i was to deal with a parent/carer who’s first language wasn’t English then i would speak slowly so that the parents can grasp onto what’s being said, maybe use hand signals, also i would see if there was a multi-language teacher/ assistant available for assistance.Skills:Speak clearly. Listen carefully what is being said| Speaking to a parent who is angry| Ways: If i was to deal with an angry parent i would take the parent in to a quite room, i would then ask the parent to calm down before i spoke to them to deal with any problems that they have, then once the parents have calmed down i would ask them if there is any problems, what they would like/ think i should do that would help solve the problem. Skills:Listening to what is being said.Have plenty of patience Be able to stay calm | Speaking to a new member of staff who is Reluctant to engage with children | Ways: If i was to speak to a new member of staff who was reluctant to engage learners then i would give them an encouraging speech ask them to speak to the childrenSkills: Eye contactBody languageFacial expressions| Speaking at an appraisal meeting with the head teacher| Ways: If i was in a appraisal meeting with the head teacher i would ask the staff how i would achieve Skills:|Task B. 2 Legislation| Brief overview| 1. Every child matters (England 2005) Based on the Children Act 2004. | This green paper stresses the importance of moreIntergraded services and sharing of informationBetween professionals. It came into being afterThe tragic case of Victoria Climbie, when there Was no communication between the professionalsInvolved with her case. | 2. Data protection Act 1998. Schools ask parents and carers for a variety of Information so that we care for the children as Effectively as we can while they are in our care With us. However we can only ask for Information which is directly relevant for example-Health and medical information. -Records from previous schools. -Records of children who have special educationalNeeds . This information is kept confidential and is only Used for the purpose it is gathered for. | Related essay: â€Å"Advice About Communication†

Privacy in the 21st century Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privacy in the 21st century - Assignment Example Without obtaining any warrants from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC). It is extremely unfortunate that the government we entrust to uphold and protect citizen rights is the one denying citizens their rights to privacy. According to Liu (2011), the National Security Agency (NSA), listens to telephone conversation of people suspected of terrorism. This is truly offending since phone calls are highly private and sometimes contains information that might be sensitive to the communicating parties. For example, if one is having a private conversation over the phone with a person close to you like your wife; it is extremely offending when you find out that someone else is listening in on your conversation through another line. The most common type of surveillance done by the government is electronic surveillance, (Levy 2007). Since almost all the communication done is through electronic devices, this is the common type of surveillance. The government may use transmitters r eferred to as â€Å"bugs†. These are tiny electronic devices that are designed to avoid being noticed. Their main function it to transmit signals of what one is communicating. They can be planted in ones cell phone, computer or even devices such as fax machines. There are other types of bugs used by the government that are designed to notify the government of all the movement of the person in question. These â€Å"bugs† are hidden in someone’s personal item such as a wallet; because it goes everywhere they go. There are also other types of bugs that are designed to record video footage. These devices are planted in one's office or home and record everything that happens there, for it to be analyzed by government agencies such as the National Security agency. Other forms of surveillance include wire taps and the use of drones. It is however necessary to note that, due to the advancement of technology, the National Security Agency (NSA) is able to listen to conver sations on cell phones without planting bugs. They are also able to monitor the internet remotely. This is possible through getting into service providers networks and monitoring them. The research gave me a lot of knowledge and information on how the government is able to invade my privacy. Unfortunately, nothing can be done individually. This is because congress has put laws that allow the government to do this. However, through the American justice system we can fight this. Through the Supreme Court, these laws can be amended or even removed. We should come together and fight this invasion of privacy by the government. Amicus Curiae I would like to offer information on behalf of the plaintiff who include Amnesty international and the other organizations in a case no 11-1025 in the supreme court of the United States of America. According to Fagan (2012), the main question in the court case if it is legal for international organizations and lawyers to sue the United States Governme nt because the government conducts surveillance on international communication