Plutonium and Internet Start-Up Company Essay Example for Free

Plutonium and Internet Start-Up Company Essay Plutonium and internet start-up company which was founded at the beginning of the technology boom was developing the technological systems necessary to support the rapidly expanding user base. Plutonium purchased an expensive and complex billing system to automate the billing of internet accounts using a credit card to integrate its system. Jonathan, the manager of operations department, was given the phony credit card to help fix corrupted accounts created by the launch and integration. Chris an employee of Plutonium, who very knowledgeable and trusted was given the phony credit card number. Chris was using the credit card to access websites that have pirated software and music. After an FBI investigation, Chris was warned and put into probation. Jonathan was asked to write a warning letter to Chris. Few months later, Jonathan noticed a change in Chris’s behavior. He was making unusual purchases, such as Palm Pilots, MP3 Players. The first element of the fraud triangle is pressure. Every fraud perpetrator faces some kind of perceived pressure. Most pressures involve a financial need, although nonfinancial pressures, such as the need to report financial results better than actual performance, frustration with work, or even a challenge to beat the system, can also motivate fraud. Financial pressures often motivate misappropriation frauds by employees. Common pressures such as living beyond one’s means, greed, high debt, unrecognized performance and inadequate pay could lead employees to fraud. Chris had several perceived pressures to commit fraud. He has a family to support and he earned minimal wages compared to other who has his skills. Chris could have a student loan and other debts he has to pay in addition to taking care of his family. That could have caused him a lot of pressure. The second element of the fraud triangle is perceived opportunity. â€Å"The opportunity to commit and conceal fraud when a company has unclear policies and procedures, fails to teach and stress corporate honesty, and fails to prosecute those who perpetrate fraud. † (Romney 129). The opportunity for fraud is created when employees are given access to records and valuable information. In the case of Chris, he had the opportunity to commit fraud because he has the expertise in technology. He has the phony credit card given to him by his manager and he was able to use that without the knowledge of his manager or co-workers. The third element of fraud triangle is rationalization. Rationalization allows perpetrators to justify their illegal behavior. For example, a fraudster can rationalize by saying, â€Å"I only took what they owed me. Or the rules do not apply to me†. Perpetrators rationalize that they are not being dishonest, that honesty is not required of them, or that they value what they take more than honesty and integrity. â€Å"Some perpetrators rationalize that they are not hurting a real person, but a faceless and nameless computer system or an impersonal company that will not miss the money. † (Romney 130). Christ could have thought that he was underpaid and by using these credit cards he was not hurting anyone. He might have also used the lack of underpayment as justification for the use of the company’s credit cards for personal gain.

Isolation of Sarracenin from Root Barks of Strychnos Spinosa

Isolation of Sarracenin from Root Barks of Strychnos Spinosa On isolation of Sarracenin from Root barks of Strychnos spinosa and its Antimicrobial Properties. A known iridoid, Sarracenin, was isolated from the root bark of Strychnos spinosa. Its structure was elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR experiments, and comparison with reported data. This is the first time it has been isolated from this species. The compound showed significant antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans Candida tropicalis, Candida thrusei, and Candida stellatoidea, respectively. The genus Strychnos (Loganiaceae), consist of about 75 accepted species found throughout the tropics and subtropical Africa [1]. Strychnos spinosa is commonly known as Kaffir orange, Spiny monkey orange or Natal orange. It is utilized variously in African traditional medicine for ailments such as dropsy, earache, snakebite, fever, elephantiasis, fever epilepsy and rheumatism [2]. The isolation and structural elucidation of the iridoid sarracenin from the root bark of this plant and its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans Candida tropicalis, Candida thrusei, and Candida stellatoidea, respectively, is hereby reported. Results and Discussion. The compound was obtained as fine, transparent, needle shaped crystals. It was determined as Sarracenin using 1D and 2D-NMR experiments, and comparison with reported data [3, 4, 5]. Some revisions to reported chemical shift assignments [3, 4] based on our DEPTq135, H, H-COSY, HMBC, HSQC and NOESY data are suggested. Table 1.1HNMR Data of Sarracenin in CDCl3 (ÃŽ ´ in ppm, J in Hz) based on fig. 1A DEPT spectra: DEPTq 135 spectrum gave the proton chemical shifts 166.77 (quaternary or methylene), 150.08 (methine or methyl), 112.32 (quaternary or methylene), 91.68 (methine or methyl), 88.13 (methine or methyl), 68.99 (methine or methyl), 51.42 (methine or methyl), 35.06 (quaternary or methylene), 32.26 (methine or methyl), 22.06 (methine or methyl), 18.70 (methine or methyl). The conclusion by Miles et al, [3] that signals at 35.1 and 22.1 are due to methine (C-5) and methylene (C-6), respectively, does not agree with our results; otherwise, we agree with their 13 C conclusions. Similarly, Wang et al, [4] report of chemical shifts at 91.7 as quaternary, 112.3 as methine, 18.7 as quaternary and 166.8 as methyl (Table 2.) is at variance with their justifications on HMQC and HMBC data. In addition, Wang et al, [4] reports 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 5.78 (d, J = 1.6 Hz), 1.34 (d, J = 6.5Hz, 3 H) as signals for protons at C-1 and C- 10, respectively; no protons are located at those positions (Figure 1A). It would seem a different numbering scheme was used, however, two different numberings were considered (Figures 1A 1B) neither agreed completely with Wang et al, [4]. Those assignments would appear to have distorted conclusions on 1H, 1H-COSY, HMBC and HMQC data (Tables 1 2). 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 7.46 (s, 1H), 5.79 (t, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (dd, J = 3.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (ddt, J = 10.7, 4.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 2.44 – 2.31 (m, 1H), 1.68 (dddd, J = 10.0, 5.3, 2.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 3H). Table 2.13C-NMR Data of Sarracenin in CDCl3 (ÃŽ ´ in ppm) based on fig. 1A Key * = Major areas with observed variation. It was noted that the compound contained 11 signals using13C-NMR and DEPT spectra, including two Me, one CH2, six CH, and two quaternary carbons. Analysis of overall NMR spectroscopic data revealed the signals at 1 2 E Figure 1A. Numbering of Sarracenin as by Miles et al, [3] and present work, B: Numbering as on www.chemspider.com[6] C: Important HMBC correlations, D: Important NOESY correlations, E: Important 1H-1HCOSY correlations. 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, TMS)ÃŽ ´7.46 (s, 1 H), 5.79 (t, J = 1.9, 1 H), 4.99 (dd, J = 3.5, 0.8, 1 H), 4.22 (q, J = 6.5, 1 H), 3.76 (s, 3 H), 2.98 (ddt, J = 10.7, 4.0, 1.9, 1 H), 2.37, 1.68 (m, dddd, J = 10.0, 5.3, 2.9, 1.0, 2 H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.5, 3 H); 13CNMR and DEPT (100 MHz, CDCl3, TMS) 166.77 (ester C=O), 150.08 (olefinicCH), 112.32 (olefinic quaternary carbon), 91.68 (CH), 88.13 (CH), 68.99 (CH), 51.42 (ester OCH3), 35.06 (methylene), 32.26 (CH), 22.06 (allylic CH), 18.70 (CH3) Antimicrobial activity The antimicrobial activities of sarracenin were assayed against some pathogenic microbes obtained from the Department of Medical Microbiology A.B.U. Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. The compound showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Candida tropicalis and Candida stellatoidea (Table 3.). This points sarracenin out as a major medicinal principle of Strychnos spinosa and lends justification to its use in traditional medicine. Experimental Collection of Plant Material The root bark of Strychnos spinosa was collected from Katsina-Ala, Benue State, Nigeria, in August, 2013. The bark was air-dried and their size reduced with the aid of a wooden mortar and pestle. Extraction and Isolation The ground material (750 g) was macerated for 72 hours using 500 mL each of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Preliminary antimicrobial screening revealed the ethyl acetate extract to be most active against test microbes. Thus the ethyl acetate extract (10 g) was separated by Vacuum liquid chromatography. A very gentle gradient elution was used from hexane through to ethyl acetate. Thirty fractions (25 ml each) were collected and allowed to evaporate to approximately half their initial volumes. Fine needles were observed in fractions 20-25. These were monitored by TLC on ethyl acetate- methanol (1:1) solvent system and plates visualized using iodine vapour. The combined needles (221 mg) were further purified using SephadexLH20 with methanol-ethyl acetate ratio (1:1) as solvent. 1HNMR, 13CNMR and 2DNMR experiments were carried out on the purified compound using 30 mg. Its melting point was 123 – 1240C determined using Electro thermal IA 9300 (Gallenkhamp capillary melting point apparatus with a thermometer). Antimicrobial Assay The compound (0.01 mg) was weighed and dissolved in DMSO (10 mL) to obtain a concentration of 10 Â µg/mL (This would subsequently be used to determine the antimicrobial activities of the plant). Mueller Hinton and Sabouraud dextrose agar were used as growth media for the microbes. All the media were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions, sterilized at 121 oC for 15 min and were poured into sterile petri dishes, allowed to cool and solidify. Disc diffusion method was used to screen the initial crude extracts. Sterilized media were seeded with a standard inoculum (0.1 ml) of test microbe, Mueller Hinton for the bacteria and SDA for the fungi. The inoculum was spread evenly over the surface of the media using a sterile swab. A well (6 mm) was cut at the center of the inoculated medium using a standard cork-borer (6 mm diameter). Solution of the extract (0.1 mL) was introduced into each well of the inoculated medium. The inoculated media were incubated at 37 oC fo r 24 hours for bacteria and at 30 oC for 7 days for the fungi, after which plates were observed for zones of inhibition of growth. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the compound was determined using the broth dilution method. Minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration (MBC and MFC) were also carried out to determine whether the test microbes were killed or only inhibited. Ciprofloxacin, Fulcin and Fluconazole were used as positive controls. Table 3. Antimicrobial Activity of sarracenin Key: S = Sensitive, R = Resistant, = (No turbidity) No colony growth, Ã ° = MIC or MBC or MFC, + = (Turbid) Scanty colony growth, ++ = Moderate colony growth, +++ = Heavy colony growth References Sitrit, Y., Loison, S., Ninio R, et al. (October 2003). Characterization of monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa Lam.), a potential new crop for arid regions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (21): 6256–60. De, B.B. and Bisset, N.G. (1988). Alkaloids from the leaves of strychnos wallichiana steudelEx. A. DC. Indian Drugs 26 (2): 90-91. Miles, H. D.,Kokpol, U., Bhattacharyya, J.,Atwood, J. L.,Stone, K. E.,Bryson, T. A. and Wilson, C. (1976). Structure of Sarracenin. An Unusual EnolDiacetalMonoterpene from the Insectivorous Plant Sarracenia Java.J. Am. Chem. Soc. (6) 1570 Wang, Y., Wei, Q., Yang, L., and Liu, Z. (2003). Iridoid Glucosides from Chinese Herb Lonicerachrysathaand their antitumor activity. J. Chem. Research (S) 676-677 Yang, X., Li, E., Zhang, Q., Yuan, C., and Jia, Z. (2006). Five New Iridoids from Patrinarupestris. Helv. Chim. Acta. (3) 762-770 http://www.chemspider.com

The Bean Trees Essay -- essays research papers

The Bean Tree   Write a composition based on the novel you have studied discussing the basis for and impact of individual choices. What idea does the author develop regarding choices? 	Living is about making choices. The choices people make shape their lives for better or worse. Even the decision not to choose has its effects, often not wanted. But the individual who chooses to make positive choices and to act accordingly is more likely to see his or her life reflect his or her beliefs and desires. Usually the individual who chooses to take action is also willing to face the risks and obstacles that such choices involve. 	"The Bean Tree," by Barbara Kingsolver, is a warm, funny story about a personal journey of self-discovery, commitment, and risk-taking which illustrates these facts. Its spirited protagonist, Taylor Greer, grows up poor in rural Kentucky. In her town some families "had kids just about as fast as they could fall down the well and drown," and a boy with a job as a gas- meter man was considered a "high-class catch." Simply avoiding pregnancy was a major achievement for Taylor. She needed to get away from there to get ahead, and when she goes, she leaves almost everything behind, including her real name. Taylor is the name she adopts at the place where her car runs out of gas, in Taylorville, Illinois. 	However, what starts out as a commonplace search for personal opportunities soon turns into a test of her character and beliefs, and of her ability to face and overcome obstacles. On her way west with high hopes and a barely functional car, she acquires a completely unexpected child. The baby girl is given to her outside a bar, by a desperate Indian woman. Taylor moves on to Tucson, Arizona, with Turtle, as she calls the little girl. There she makes new friends, finds work, and settles down to a new life. However, since Turtle is not her legally adopted daughter, Taylor finds herself at risk of losing her to the state authorities in Arizona. She must formalize her relationship with her new-found daughter. She chooses to do what it takes to adopt Turtle. She has to find a way to contact Turtle's relatives in order to get their signatures to adoption papers. She decides to take her out of state, back to Oklahoma, along with Estevan and Esperanza, a refugee couple from Guatemala ... ...s can arise, but choices made with some understanding of the alternatives will usually work out better than leaving matters to chance. Also, if choices are made with the welfare of others in mind they are more likely to be the right ones. In particular, if there is a problem to solve that involves conflict between the law and conscience, the best solution may be to follow one's heart. If a decision is guided by conscience, no one can better tell one what to do, or how to do it. That is how Taylor is able to take her loved ones out of Arizona, even though it means breaking the law. She feels she can not do otherwise, and the law has to take second place. Someone else might not do the same. Everything depends on both conscience and courage, but not everyone has these qualities in the same degree. Nonetheless, if even breaking the law must sometimes be considered, it can best be done by an appeal to common humanity, conscience, and the heart. That is exactly what Taylor does here. B ut, like Taylor, people must be prepared to live with the possible consequences of their choices and actions. Knowing clearly, however, why one's choices are made, makes such risks or obstacles acceptable.

Personal Sense of Identity :: essays research papers

Identity What influences a person’s identity? Is it their homes, parents, religion, or maybe where they live? When do they get one? Do they get it when they understand right from wrong, or when they can read, or are they born with it? Everyone has one and nobody has the same, is there a point in everyone’s life when they get one? A person’s identity is his own, nobody put it there and nobody can take it out. Everyone in this world has a different identity because they all make their own over the course of their life. A person’s identity also causes a person to have masculine and feminine traits. There is no one thing that gives a person their identity, there are however many different factors that contribute to one’s identity. What is someone’s identity? Is it the way they look, the way they dress, or it could be many things all put together, or is it none of the above? To me someone’s identity is a part of their being. Nobody will ever hold it, touch it, or even see it, but it is there. Everybody has one, it guilds your decision making, your thoughts, ideas, and dreams. You may think something is terrible while someone else does not even care and yet another person may laugh, why? The answer is simple, everyone has his own identity and personality. Everyone feels, acts, thinks, and dreams differently. People may have some of these things in common with one another, but they will not be totally the same, it is like a fingerprint, unique. There are many origins to a person’s identity, their family, friends, home life, religion, environment and others. But how does it get there, you do not go into a store and pick on off the shelf. A person’s identity is developed over many years and put together by the person themselves. It comes from the individuals ability to think, reason and form an opinion. Nobody has the same mind, or the same or the same conscious, so how could anyone have the same identity as another. A person’s identity is developed over many years from the time they become aware of their surroundings, to the time they decide if they are going to college, and even as they grow old there identity will change with them. As people’s dreams are dreamed and goals are accomplished their identities will change with the individual.

Underlying Meanings within Children Stories

Underlying Meanings within Children Stories People enjoy a good story. More importantly, children enjoy their fairytales. However, many of these stories have more morbid underlying meanings. Everyone should know, or at least be vaguely familiar with, the cute story of Winnie the Pooh and his friends in the Hundred Acre Woods. What people may not know, or may not have figured out, is that this particular story’s dark messages are mental disorders. Each character in Winnie the Pooh, according The Perfectionist, author of a biomedical blog, has a different mental disorder.Are these disorders going to affect the way kids view others and themselves? The initial story line of Disney’s 2011 â€Å"Winnie the Pooh† is innocent enough. The movie starts off with the introduction of a young boy named Christopher Robin who has, as the narrator says, â€Å"a very active imagination. † However, Christopher Robin may have more than just that. He displays the common charac teristics of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a condition in which one has trouble defining the line with perception of reality.Common symptoms, according to the medical dictionary, are delusions, hallucinations, and hearing voices based on the person’s behavior. All of Christopher Robin’s â€Å"friends† are depictions of his stuffed animals coming to life. He talks and interacts with them and each character responds back appropriately. We are next introduced to Pooh. This is Christopher Robins’ â€Å"best friend. † Winnie the Pooh is a bear who is so obsessed with food, in particular honey, that he can be classified with an eating disorder.His consistent desire for honey interrupts his daily activities by not allowing him to think of other things besides filling his tummy. He thinks about it in his dreams, during the day, and even while he is attempting to complete another task. He makes eating his biggest priority. The first example of this in the movie is the very first glimpse we see into the Hundred Acre Woods. Pooh is talking in his sleep about honey, suggesting that that is what he is dreaming about. He then is woken up and the first thing he sets out to do is get honey.This priority is evident throughout the entire movie while he is trying to get honey from his friends or get some honey wherever he possibly can, with little to no regard to how he obtains it will affect his friends. While Pooh is searching for honey, for he had run out, he hears the grumbling sigh of his friend, Eyore. Eyore can easily be classified as clinically depressed. Depression is displayed by always feeling gloomy or sad. The first time Pooh and Eyore come together, this constant gloominess is apparent. Pooh greets him with a â€Å"Good morning. Lovely day, isn’t it? and Eyore promptly responds with â€Å"Wish I could say yes† in his typical bummed out manner. Eyore becomes more hopeless when he discovers his missing tail. This is the â€Å"very important thing† that everyone is the Hundred Acre Woods must do, they must help Eyore find his tail, or a tail. It is at this point Owl flies in. Owl is characterized as having Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Narcissistic Personality disorder is an obsession with oneself. There is an exaggeration in the importance of the self and the belief that they are exponentially unique and need constant approval and admiration of others.Owl enters the scene interrupting Pooh and Eyore with the need to bring the attention of his friends to him. He perches himself in a tree and announces that this is the tree where he was hatched and all about the marks his mother made on the tree. He begins to write his book. He titles chapter one â€Å"The birth of a Genius. † Pooh interrupts this â€Å"important work† by asking him to help find Eyore’s tail and feeds Owl’s Narcissism by saying he â€Å"has such a talent for speaking and telling [them] wh at to do. † Of course, Owl quickly recognizes his own importance in this and takes the lead to finding Eyore’s tail.Pooh is nailing up signs announcing that there is â€Å"a very important thing to do† when Tigger pounces in at a red balloon that is floating around nearby. The Perfectionist diagnoses Tigger with having ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). ADHD cause a person to have trouble paying attention and be constantly over-active. Tigger goes from fighting with the balloon, to playing, to being afraid of it, and to being worried something will happen to it if it is his â€Å"sidekick,† all within the span of about 1 minute. Also, from the moment he enters the scene to the very end, he does ot stop moving or talking. Pooh goes to Christopher Robin’s house in search of some honey to share but finds a note. He cannot read the note so he takes the note to Owl to be deciphered. Owl is, of course, more than happy to be the one selected to decode the meaning of this note. However, he misinterprets the note. He thinks that â€Å"back soon† is a monster called the â€Å"Backsoon† and that Christopher Robin has been captured by this creature. This sets off Piglet’s Panphobia. Panphobia is a disorder that makes a person overly fearful.They are afraid of basically everything but especially the unknown. The fact that this monster is lurking around gives Piglet the shakes. While setting up the trap for the Backsoon to capture him and get Christopher Robin back, it becomes apparent that Rabbit also suffers a mental disorder; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). OCD is a disorder that causes obsessive thought about a ritual that must be performed or to adhere to rules with strict acuteness. If these things are not completed then it causes the person extreme anxiety.When setting everything up for the trap, Rabbit made sure everything was just so and that nobody interfered with what has been done. Christo pher Robin came back, much to their surprise, and explained that he had gone out and that he would be back soon. After that was settled, Pooh went back to Owl’s house to see if he would have some honey but when he saw the bell rope was actually Eyore’s tail and Owl had taken it by mistake Pooh rushed the tail to Eyore and won a prize pot of honey for finding his tail. There is obviously a lesson here about putting your friends first when Pooh denies honey to return the tail to Eyore.However, when children are watching this and they see characters with symptoms of these disorders, does it make them more tolerable when they are around friends at school with these same issues? Winnie the Pooh is not the only children’s story with madness as a twist; for example, the original â€Å"Grim Brothers Fairytales† and â€Å"Alice in Wonderland. † It could serve as an exposure for children to be more accepting differences among the people around them. As it is put in Alice in Wonderland, â€Å"we are all mad here. †

Democracy and Human Rights

Democracy is a very popular form of government. Every nation of the world today either desires to be a democracy or claims to be one. Today, it is a magic word. If truly interpreted it means freedom, justice and equality for all classes of people. Democracy assumes human beings to be basically good, rational and capable of self-restraint. In other words, democracy ensures human rights. Broadly speaking, human rights include right to life, liberty, property and security of an individual which have been guaranteed in our Constitution. Democracy confers certain rights on the people.But unfortunately these rights are abused in the name of resisting oppression. The rights that those systems of governments bestow on everyone need to be balanced by certain duties and limits. Rights give status to each human being irrespective of his or her talents or the lack of them. They imply that each human being counts purely by virtue of the fact that he or she is human and that he or she is entitled to be treated in a particular way. Rights which are largely based on the fundamental objective of social good provide protection from oppression.It ensures protection to every section of society including the neglected and weaker sections against oppression and harassment by the powerful-individual or government. These rights hold that individual entitlements are of such overriding importance that they eclipse all other considerations. The entitlements of these rights are accrued to human beings just because of their being human. Accordingly, every human being is entitled to assert his or her rights. Indeed, it is very difficult to ensure that individual rights will not be violated in a society.However, it is necessary to institute a norm that rights are of such primary importance that whosoever violates, should have good reasons for this, i. e. in the larger interests of society. They should be liable to prove this. No doubt this is the unique characteristics of democracy that ever yone has the freedom to dissent. But there is certain limit to the expression of dissent, if crossed, it may prove dangerous to social fabric and the unity and integrity of the country, as well. In fact, the success of democracy requires certain conditions which include tolerance, compromise, mutual regard for everyone’s rights and freedoms.It requires rational conduct, good character, an intelligent understanding of public affairs, independent judgement, preferences of public interest. People need to think and work in the broader perspective, sacrificing their own self. They are expected to realise their responsibilities towards community and society. Preference to self-interest leads to the emergence of some negative qualities which may be dangerous to the both society and country itself. Such action hurt the cause of democracy and very often paves the way for dictatorship.Democracy in real sense means perfect equality between one man and another and in all spheres of human activity. With its liberal democratic institutions and parliamentary system of government, India stands in good position in case of human rights. Indian Constitution incorporates a vast range of political, social, economic, cultural and religious rights of citizens. For ensuring the rights of all citizens, our Constitution allows for some special provisions for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other weaker and backward sections of society through the policy of reservation and other means.Untouchability is banned and its practice in any form and anywhere is an offence. Primary education is free and secondary and higher education is subsidised and is being made progressively free. Physical and mental health is recognised as one of the social rights. India has recognised that human rights and democracy are inseparable and one cannot be secure without the other. The existence of the judiciary, free press and voluntary nongovernment organisations, in a way, ensures the protection and promotion of human rights.In this regard the system of public interest litigation immensely helped in establishing the rule of law and maintaining a check on the arbitrary behaviour of politicians and public authority. The role of judiciary is highly appreciable in promotion and protection of human rights. Besides, remarkable achievements made in various fields of life such as education, science and technology, economics, sports, medical science, etc. have all led to better human conditions.Furthermore, the land reform movements and other developmental programmes targeting weaker sections of society have added to the better human rights conditions in India. Labour legislation also constitutes an integral part of establishing better human rights conditions. Despite constitutional commitment and legislative reforms, the age old structure of inequality continues to remain a bitter reality. A significant portion of population is subjected to multiple deprivations. Poverty still rema ins a formidable challenge with 22 per cent of its population living below the poverty line.Education, health care, drinking water, etc. remain a distant dream for a large portion of society. Child labour is still present in society, a large portion of them engaged in various hazardous industries. The difference between male and female wages still persists. There are many instances of violation of human rights of particularly the weaker sections of society. Police force in India is still colonial in their character and behaviour. Charges of human rights violation on the police is almost a daily affairs.The gravest unfortunate reality is that the targeting of civil population has become the scary strategy of the new breed of terrorism unleashed by fundamentalist forces. Latest in the series is the killing of Sohrabuddin Sheikh and his wife in fake encounter at the hands of police in Gujarat. Sometimes the killings of innocent citizens in the name of mistaken identity expose the cruel face of our police. Though the presence of a fair judiciary in India is a matter of great relief, justice is done to the victims and guilty is punished.Thus, there is a need to make them sensitive to civilian needs and human rights. They are required to exercise restraint in exercising their duties. However, it is equally desirable to guard against its misuse by an adversary. In brief, we may conclude that despite instances of human rights violations, India continues to be the largest democracy of the world, having democratic and open society, giving importance to liberty, equality, freedom and people’s other rights with the supreme fair judiciary protecting them.The first Secretary General of the United Nations on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights puts his views in these words, â€Å"Freedom from fear could be said to sum up the whole philosophy of human rights. † Hence, the people of India need to come forward and join hands with the people of the world in t he noble task of making them free from sense of fear and promoting human rights and democracy inseparable to each other.

The Revolution Of The United States - 2022 Words

1850 Compromise: Henry Clay began a series of resolutions on January 29th, 1850 to try to find a good compromise in order to avoid problems between Northern and Southern Americans. The slave trade in Washington D.C. was abolished and the fugitive slave act was amended. Wilmot Proviso: Wilmot created the proviso on August 8th in 1846. It said that any new territory captured in the Mexican-American war would enter the nation as a free state. It passed in the House but did not in the Senate. Kansas-Nebraska Act: This turned the Nebraska into Kansas and Nebraska. It also gave these 2 states the right of popular sovereignty. Nebraska became free, while Kansas became slave. Free Soil Party: A short lasting political party during the presidential election of 1848 to 1852.This was a third party ,and was founded in Buffalo. It was against the spread of slavery into the western regions. Continental Railroad- It was the first transcontinental railroad in the United States, constructed 1863 through 1869. It’s purpose was to unite the eastern and western parts of the U.S. It was thought of as a major technological feat in America in the 19th century. Lincoln/Douglass Debates- Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglass had 7 debates in the 1858 Illinois state election. Lincoln was running for Douglass’s senate seat as a Republican. These are also known as the great debates of 1858. Fugitive Slave Act- It was passed on September 18th, 1850 in the Compromise of 1850. It required foundShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of The United States865 Words   |  4 Pagesto the United States. The progressives brought change through industries, social movements and the economy. The progressives, (as their name suggests) brought progress to America that forever changed the United States for the better. Without the progressives Americas change to more government involvement for the time being would never have happened thus showing the American people what is truly â€Å"American†. As the industrial age was booming and factories were abundant among the United StatesRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1297 Words   |  6 Pagesstated in the Constitution as well as stated by the philosopher John Locke, is the basis for the United States of America as we know it today. The notion that all humans were created equal and that all people are entitled to basic human rights came from the various experiences the colonists faced through the Revolution, which was a vital influence in the creation of the Constitution. The revolution was a key turning point in American history, it was when the American colonies rejected the idealsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1150 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Jimmy Carter allowed the Shah to enter the United States for cancer treatments. Immediately, the revolutionaries demanded that the Shah be returned to Iran so he could stand trial for the human rights violations that he was accused of. When the Carter A dministration would not return the Shah, the revolutionaries were outraged and retaliated against the United States. On November 4, 1979, students who supported Ayatollah Khomeini and the revolution, known as the Muslim Student Followers of Imam’sRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States Essay1835 Words   |  8 Pageswith its systems going up and down. In the same manner, every generation has had their technology revolution. Technology has had overpowering effects on the different lifestyles that people live, throughout human history. The most dramatic changes in America during growth was not just due to the invention of one thing . Most, people emphasize that the train was a major factor in the market revolution; although, the trains played a huge part in spreading the market from coast-to-coast; there canRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States2051 Words   |  9 PagesJacksonian Revolution In the early 1800s, it was generally known that in order to vote, a person was required to have a â€Å"stake† in society, they either had to pay taxes or own so many acres of land. Voting rights varied throughout the colonies, for example, some colonies added restrictions due to the religious beliefs of the voters. Furthermore, under the United States Constitution the presidential electors were chosen by the state legislatures not by the people, as well, eligibility to vote forRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pagespeople hoped for change. They put their trust in Andrew Jackson, hoping that Jackson would defend the rights of the common people and slave states. When Jackson was popular, some states changed their qualifications for voters to grant more white male suffrage. This usually excluded free blacks from voting, even though they were allowed under the original state constitutions. Political parties began holding nominating conventions, where the party members choose the party’s candidates instead of theRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States879 Words   |  4 Pagesto Dr. Strangelove in that way because of what was taking place at the time of the release. Life in the United States was chaotic and unpredictable. In the same year, 1964, that the movie was released several other major events took place. America had the war in Vietnam, civil rights movement, Cuban Missile Crisis, and China’s test of a nuclear bomb. Citizens of the United States lived in a state of fear that their capitalist system would be overthrown by a communist party. The country was filled withRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1020 Words   |  5 Pageslost power, fuel, money and other essential in order to run a country. When a country is lacking resources, tension would more than likely increase. However, after the collapse, they became a special development within the Cuba for tourism. The revolution was designed against the ideas of tourism. Yet, tourism would create jobs and enable dollars to come into the country. However, it with the new interest within tourism and capitalism, that further open up ideas of race. It would reproduce certainRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States939 Words   |  4 PagesThe whole story began in 1985, in the not too distant era, throughout the United States large-scale riots broke out, and a group of pregnant superhero abilities will assist the government suppressed the rebellion, these superheroes usually all have their ordinary identity, not their true selves, and they all have their own code. Headed is called Rorschach Walter Kovacs (Jackie Earle Haley ornaments), ther e s Dr. Manhattan Joe Osterman (Billy Crudup ornaments), ghost Sally Jupiter (Carla GuginoRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1064 Words   |  5 Pageswere not happy when Spanish mess with their right and religion. They did not like when only the elite had a say in Mexico, so they revolted. What they haven t satisfied with the government was being run, so they protest in the street after the revolution. There this underlying cause of the people uprising against the government when mistrust when individuals in power abuse their power over the people. It has been a power struggle of over what people of Mexico wanted and what Nation wanted. Thought The Revolution Of The United States - 2022 Words 1850 Compromise: Henry Clay began a series of resolutions on January 29th, 1850 to try to find a good compromise in order to avoid problems between Northern and Southern Americans. The slave trade in Washington D.C. was abolished and the fugitive slave act was amended. Wilmot Proviso: Wilmot created the proviso on August 8th in 1846. It said that any new territory captured in the Mexican-American war would enter the nation as a free state. It passed in the House but did not in the Senate. Kansas-Nebraska Act: This turned the Nebraska into Kansas and Nebraska. It also gave these 2 states the right of popular sovereignty. Nebraska became free, while Kansas became slave. Free Soil Party: A short lasting political party during the presidential election of 1848 to 1852.This was a third party ,and was founded in Buffalo. It was against the spread of slavery into the western regions. Continental Railroad- It was the first transcontinental railroad in the United States, constructed 1863 through 1869. It’s purpose was to unite the eastern and western parts of the U.S. It was thought of as a major technological feat in America in the 19th century. Lincoln/Douglass Debates- Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglass had 7 debates in the 1858 Illinois state election. Lincoln was running for Douglass’s senate seat as a Republican. These are also known as the great debates of 1858. Fugitive Slave Act- It was passed on September 18th, 1850 in the Compromise of 1850. It required foundShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of The United States865 Words   |  4 Pagesto the United States. The progressives brought change through industries, social movements and the economy. The progressives, (as their name suggests) brought progress to America that forever changed the United States for the better. Without the progressives Americas change to more government involvement for the time being would never have happened thus showing the American people what is truly â€Å"American†. As the industrial age was booming and factories were abundant among the United StatesRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1297 Words   |  6 Pagesstated in the Constitution as well as stated by the philosopher John Locke, is the basis for the United States of America as we know it today. The notion that all humans were created equal and that all people are entitled to basic human rights came from the various experiences the colonists faced through the Revolution, which was a vital influence in the creation of the Constitution. The revolution was a key turning point in American history, it was when the American colonies rejected the idealsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1150 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Jimmy Carter allowed the Shah to enter the United States for cancer treatments. Immediately, the revolutionaries demanded that the Shah be returned to Iran so he could stand trial for the human rights violations that he was accused of. When the Carter A dministration would not return the Shah, the revolutionaries were outraged and retaliated against the United States. On November 4, 1979, students who supported Ayatollah Khomeini and the revolution, known as the Muslim Student Followers of Imam’sRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States Essay1835 Words   |  8 Pageswith its systems going up and down. In the same manner, every generation has had their technology revolution. Technology has had overpowering effects on the different lifestyles that people live, throughout human history. The most dramatic changes in America during growth was not just due to the invention of one thing . Most, people emphasize that the train was a major factor in the market revolution; although, the trains played a huge part in spreading the market from coast-to-coast; there canRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States2051 Words   |  9 PagesJacksonian Revolution In the early 1800s, it was generally known that in order to vote, a person was required to have a â€Å"stake† in society, they either had to pay taxes or own so many acres of land. Voting rights varied throughout the colonies, for example, some colonies added restrictions due to the religious beliefs of the voters. Furthermore, under the United States Constitution the presidential electors were chosen by the state legislatures not by the people, as well, eligibility to vote forRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pagespeople hoped for change. They put their trust in Andrew Jackson, hoping that Jackson would defend the rights of the common people and slave states. When Jackson was popular, some states changed their qualifications for voters to grant more white male suffrage. This usually excluded free blacks from voting, even though they were allowed under the original state constitutions. Political parties began holding nominating conventions, where the party members choose the party’s candidates instead of theRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States879 Words   |  4 Pagesto Dr. Strangelove in that way because of what was taking place at the time of the release. Life in the United States was chaotic and unpredictable. In the same year, 1964, that the movie was released several other major events took place. America had the war in Vietnam, civil rights movement, Cuban Missile Crisis, and China’s test of a nuclear bomb. Citizens of the United States lived in a state of fear that their capitalist system would be overthrown by a communist party. The country was filled withRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1020 Words   |  5 Pageslost power, fuel, money and other essential in order to run a country. When a country is lacking resources, tension would more than likely increase. However, after the collapse, they became a special development within the Cuba for tourism. The revolution was designed against the ideas of tourism. Yet, tourism would create jobs and enable dollars to come into the country. However, it with the new interest within tourism and capitalism, that further open up ideas of race. It would reproduce certainRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States939 Words   |  4 PagesThe whole story began in 1985, in the not too distant era, throughout the United States large-scale riots broke out, and a group of pregnant superhero abilities will assist the government suppressed the rebellion, these superheroes usually all have their ordinary identity, not their true selves, and they all have their own code. Headed is called Rorschach Walter Kovacs (Jackie Earle Haley ornaments), ther e s Dr. Manhattan Joe Osterman (Billy Crudup ornaments), ghost Sally Jupiter (Carla GuginoRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1064 Words   |  5 Pageswere not happy when Spanish mess with their right and religion. They did not like when only the elite had a say in Mexico, so they revolted. What they haven t satisfied with the government was being run, so they protest in the street after the revolution. There this underlying cause of the people uprising against the government when mistrust when individuals in power abuse their power over the people. It has been a power struggle of over what people of Mexico wanted and what Nation wanted. Thought

Arthur Miller s The Crucible - 2214 Words

John Proctor: A tragic hero A man s reputation in many forms is his, life’s work. To have your reputation dismantled is like taking away one s accomplishments and life’s work. Arthur Miller s The Crucible is a play about justice and injustice, and how our justice system can be easily corrupted. The story revolves around a man named John Proctor, the tragic hero of this story. John Protector is a symbolic character created by Arthur Miller, because he faced the justice system head on. Proctor’s biggest flaw would be his great amounts of pride, which unfortunately led to his own death. In Arthur Millers’ The Crucible, he characterizes John Proctor as the tragic hero of the story because of all that he lost, through his relentless crusade to free his wife and exposing injustice, illustrating that no hero is perfect. Tragic events brings out peoples fear and pity that leaves the readers hungry for justice, that’s when the hero comes in the story. The hero should be the most courageous and noble of the characters. He or she is the symbolic face of justice and honor. Proctors priorities are challenged when his wife is convicted of a crime she didn’t commit. He then so honorably goes to the court knowing that the only way to save his wife is to put his own life on the line. Aristotle says â€Å"A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall† (qtd. in Barnes). Proctor is faced with many trials and tribulations in which he needs to overcome.Show MoreRelatedArthur Miller s The Crucible Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pages In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the normal criteria that a central character fits, is not met by the apparent protagonist, John Proctor. Common traits one might expect to find in a traditional hero are humility, patience and caring. John Proctor, while he is the principal, has many qualities that could instead assume him the role of the antagonist and land him in the adversary box. His background and slight character flaws cause him to take on the personalities of both a protagonist and antagonistRead MoreArthur Miller s The Crucible1191 Words   |  5 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the normal criteria that a central character fits, is not met by the protagonist, John Proctor. Common traits one might expect to find in a traditional hero are humility, patience and caring. John Proctor, while he is the principal, has many qualities that could instead assume him the role of the antagonist and land him in the adversary box. His background and slight character flaws cause him to take on the the personalities of both a protagonist and antagonist. ProctorRead MoreArthur Miller s The Crucible833 Words   |  4 PagesThere are an array of Aristotelian tragic heroes throughout American literature. One of which includes John Proctor, main character farmer in mid-30s, from Arthur Miller s play, The Crucible. Yet, in order for him to obtain such a title he must possess specific characteristics. Five of which include possession of hubris, a flaw or decision leading to desire for revenge, a reversal of good fortune brought forth by the error of judgement, acceptance of poor fortune brought forth by their actions,Read MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1457 Words   |  6 PagesSteven Huang Ms. Folkrod English 3, Period 7 26 October 2014 Proctor’s Pride and Downfall A tragic hero is a hero in a story whose natural flaws or wrong judgments, associates with bad fate, causes his downfall or death. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, there are tragic heroes. In the late 1600s, there are a series of witch trials happens at Salem, MA. John Proctor, a farmer who lives in a farm with his wife Elizabeth Proctor, is the protagonist during the Salem witch trial. John is a candid, frankRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 961 Words   |  4 Pages Movie paper analysis of The crucible The circumstance brought upon a person can change them greatly. The Crucible edited and rewritten by Arthur Miller, is a movie which takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The leading actors are Daniel Day-Lewis as Proctor, Winona Ryder as Abigail, Paul Scofield as Judge Danforth, Joan Allen as Elizabeth, Bruce Davison as Parris, and Rob Campbell as Hale. It was directed by Nicholas Hytner and was Based on the witch hunt which surrounded MassachusettsRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1732 Words   |  7 Pagesin the world. II. Biographical Arthur Miller was a controversial playwright during the 1950’s and 60’s, note because of the material that he choose to write about, but because of the events that took place surrounding one of his best works: The Crucible. One of his friends and a fellow playwright Elia Kazan was accused of being a Communist by the house Un-American Activities Committee. Elia, who had admitted to being previously a Communist during the 1930’s (long before the cold war) was askedRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1052 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller was one of the leading American playwrights in the 20th century. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem New York City to Isidore and Augusta Miller (GradeSaver). After graduating from high school, Miller worked a variety of odd jobs including hosting a radio program; this was before the University of Michigan accepted him. At school, he studied journalism, became the night editor of the Michigan Daily, and began experimenting with theater and writing plays. He lived throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 908 Words   |  4 PagesDel Giudice Mrs. Schmiedeler English 2F 21 October 2015 Crucible Essay â€Å"It takes many good deeds to build a good reputation, and only one bad one to lose it.† This is a quote by Benjamin Franklin and it explains how the puritan society in The Crucible work. this quote shows how fragile a reputation can be, you can spend your whole life increasing your reputation, but one wrong move and it’s completely wrong. In The Crucible, many of Arthur Miller’s characters are very concerned with their reputationRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 2138 Words   |  9 Pages Crucible Character Essay - John Proctor #6 In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† the protagonist is a man by the name of John Proctor. Proctor is a very complex character because he doesn t have the cleanest history. He is a man in about his forties who had committed the sin of cheating on his wife with a young girl. This act of his gives a bad first impression to the reader. Proctor however does try to become a better man and do the right thing to save his wife s life, which changes feelingsRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And Arthur Miller s The Crucible1050 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the repercussions of committing adultery are exhibited through characters in two different puritanical societies. Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, John Proctor, and Abigail Williams are all victims to this. Despite living in sincere societies, these characters behave hypocritically in order to hide a concealed truth, resulting in internal ignomi ny, until they ultimately confess. Arthur Dimmesdale shows his guilt and hypocritical